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1.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 81(5): 559-570, sept.-oct. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-74816

RESUMO

Fundamento: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los cambios producidosen los hábitos alimentarios y el estado nutricional de la población catalana,a lo largo de 10 años a partir de la información procedente de las dosEncuestas Nutricionales de Cataluña desarrolladas en 1992-93 y 2002-03.Método: 2641 indivíduos en 1992-93 y 2060 en 2002-03 de 10 a 75 añosque participaron en las encuestas. Se utilizaron dos recordatorios de 24 horas,un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo y un cuestionario general sobreactividad física, conocimientos y actitudes sobre alimentación y uso de suplementosalimentarios. Se midió el peso (kg), la talla (cm) y el perímetro de lacintura (PC) (cm). Se realizó un análisis bioquímico en una submuestra de lapoblación. Se evaluaron colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, triglicéridosy ß-caroteno, a-tocoferol y retinol.Resultados: Se observa un descenso en la ingesta de fruta, verdura y patata,carne y pescado, y un aumento en el consumo de derivados lácteos y comidarápida (especialmente entre los jóvenes). Se produce un ascenso en el valormedio de índice de masa corporal (IMC) en hombres y de PC en hombres y mujeres.El valor de IMC desciende entre las mujeres (excepto entre las más jóvenes).La prevalencia de obesidad aumenta en hombres (de 9,9% a 16,6%), pero no enmujeres. Desciende la colesterolemia media, a expensas del valor de HDL colesterol.Disminuye el porcentaje de población sedentaria en el tiempo libre.Conclusiones: Es necesaria una política de nutrición que sea efectiva enla promoción de una alimentación acorde con las recomendaciones nutricionalesy la dieta mediterránea(AU)


Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes inthe nutricional habits and nutricional status of the Catalan population over 10years interval of the two Catalan Nutricional Surveys conducted in 1992-93and 2002-03.Methodo: 2641 individuals in 1992-93 and 2060 individuals in 2002-03aged 10 to 75 years participated in the surveys. Two 24 hour recall, a foodfrequency questionnaire, and a general questionnaire with information onphysical activity, knowledge and opinions on nutrition and supplements usewere administered. Weight (Kg), height (cm) and waist circumference (WC)(cm) were measured. A subsample of the population underwent a biochemicalevaluation. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, trygliceridesand ß-carotene, a-tocopherol and retinol were measured.Results: A decrease in the consumption of fruit, vegetables, potatoes,meat and fish and an increase in the consumption of dairy products and fastfood (in young individuals) were reported. An increase in the mean value ofBody Mass Index (BMI) was observed among males, and an increase in WCmean value was observed in males and females. BMI value decreased infemales (except among the younger ones). The prevalence of obesity increasedamong males (from 9.9% to 16.6%), but not in females. Both total cholesteroland HDL cholesterol decreased. A decrease was observed in the percentage ofpopulation with sedentary habits during leisure time.Conclusions: There is a need for an effective nutrition policy promotinghealthy nutrition in accordance with the ongoing dietary guidelines(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Política Nutricional , Comportamento Alimentar , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estudos Transversais , Promoção da Saúde , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas/tendências
2.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 127(16): 612-4, 2006 Oct 28.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17145026

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunity level achieved with oral polio vaccine in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years of Catalonia (Spain). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The prevalence of antibodies against poliovirus 1, 2 and 3 was investigated using the neutralizing technique in a representative (n = 197) sample of schoolchildren aged 6-12 years of Catalonia (Spain) obtained in 2001. RESULTS: The prevalence of antibodies was 94.4% for poliovirus 1; 98.5% for poliovirus 2, y 73.1% for poliovirus 3. 93.4% of serum samples had antibodies against poliovirus 1 and 2; 70.6% against poliovirus 1 and 3, and 69.5% against poliovirus 1, 2 and 3. The prevalence of antibodies was similar in different socio-demographic groups. Schoolchildren who had been vaccinated (5 doses) had a higher level of antibodies against poliovirus 3 than those who had not completed vaccination (4 or less doses): 75.4% vs 50.0% (p < 0.05). The prevalence of antibodies against poliovirus 1 and 2 was similar in schoolchildren completing and not completing vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained in this study show that 26.9% of schoolchildren aged 6-12 years do not have an adequate immunity level against poliovirus 3 with the oral polio vaccine, being it necessary to develop an immunization program using the inactivated polio vaccine.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vacina Antipólio Oral/imunologia , Poliovirus/imunologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Vacina Antipólio Oral/administração & dosagem , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Espanha
3.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 127(16): 612-614, oct. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049708

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivo: Evaluar el grado de protección inmunitaria conseguida con la vacuna oral antipoliomielítica en la población escolar de 6-12 años de Cataluña. Sujetos y método: Se ha investigado la prevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus de la polio 1, 2 y 3 mediante la técnica de seroneutralización en una muestra representativa (n = 197) de la población escolar de 6-12 años de Cataluña obtenida en el año 2001. Resultados: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de anticuerpos del 94,4% para el virus de la polio 1, del 98,5% para el virus de la polio 2 y del 73,1% para el virus de la polio 3. El 93,4% de las muestras estudiadas presentaba un grado protector de anticuerpos frente al virus de la polio 1 y 2; el 70,6% frente al virus de la polio 1 y 3, y el 69,5% frente al virus de la polio 1, 2 y 3. Ninguna variable sociodemográfica se asociaba con la prevalencia de anticuerpos. La prevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus de la polio 3 fue significativamente mayor en los escolares que habían completado la vacunación (5 dosis) que en los que no la habían completado (4 dosis o menos): el 75,4 frente al 50,0% (p < 0,05). La prevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus de la polio 1 y 2 fue similar en los escolares que habían completado la vacunación y en los que no la habían completado. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio muestran que el 29,6% de la población escolar de 6-12 años no presenta anticuerpos frente al poliovirus 3 con la vacuna oral antipoliomielítica, por lo que es necesario desarrollar un programa de vacunación con la vacuna de la polio inactivada


Background and objetive: To evaluate the immunity level achieved with oral polio vaccine in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years of Catalonia (Spain). Subjects and method: The prevalence of antibodies against poliovirus 1, 2 and 3 was investigated using the neutralizing technique in a representative (n = 197) sample of schoolchildren aged 6-12 years of Catalonia (Spain) obtained in 2001. Results: The prevalence of antibodies was 94.4% for poliovirus 1; 98.5% for poliovirus 2, y 73.1% for poliovirus 3. 93.4% of serum samples had antibodies against poliovirus 1 and 2; 70.6% against poliovirus 1 and 3, and 69.5% against poliovirus 1, 2 and 3. The prevalence of antibodies was similar in different socio-demographic groups. Schoolchildren who had been vaccinated (5 doses) had a higher level of antibodies against poliovirus 3 than those who had not completed vaccination (4 or less doses): 75.4% vs 50.0% (p < 0.05). The prevalence of antibodies against poliovirus 1 and 2 was similar in schoolchildren completing and not completing vaccination. Conclusions: Results obtained in this study show that 26.9% of schoolchildren aged 6-12 years do not have an adequate immunity level against poliovirus 3 with the oral polio vaccine, being it necessary to develop an immunization program using the inactivated polio vaccine


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Humanos , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vacina Antipólio Oral/administração & dosagem , Vacina Antipólio Oral/imunologia , Poliomielite/prevenção & controle , Poliovirus/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Espanha
4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 79(2): 297-308, 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15913062

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The health effects of air pollution have been analyzed in numerous studies over recent years, thus having made it possible to quantify the relationship between the two. This study is aimed at analyzing the theoretical benefits which would be achieved by meeting the air quality objectives set forth under EC Directive 1999/30/EC with regard to suspended particles. METHODS: The exposure measurement was taken for Black Smoke (Barcelona, Bilbao, Valencia) and suspended particles under 10 microm (PM10) (Bilbao, Madrid y Sevilla). The health indicators calculated were the mortality due to all causes and respiratory and cardiovascular causes, and emergency hospital admissions and mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular causes. In the case of PM10 the impact has been calculated because its effects to short-term, within a period of up to 40 days following exposure, and to long-term. For Black Smoke the effects only has been calculated to short-term. RESULTS: The daily levels of PM10 from exceeding 50 microg/m3 in Bilbao, Madrid and Sevilla cause the earlier death of 1.4/100,000 individuals per year because its effects. The effect within a period of up to 40 days following exposure is of 2.8 deaths/100,000. The total number of deaths per year which may be later due to long-term exposure if the yearly average is lowered to 20 microg/m3 is 68/100,000. CONCLUSIONS: The health impact of the current air pollution levels is quantifiable and is not insignificant. APHEIS and the impact evaluations may be of aid in healthcare planning and environmental policies.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Cidades , Exposição Ambiental , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Saúde Pública , Espanha
5.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 79(2): 297-308, mar.-abr. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-038901

RESUMO

Fundamento: Los efectos de la contaminación atmosféricasobre la salud han sido objeto en los últimos años de numerosos estudiosque han permitido cuantificar la asociación entre ambas El objetivode este trabajo es llevar a cabo la Evaluación del Impacto enSalud (EIS) calculando los beneficios que se obtendrían al cumplirlos objetivos establecidos por la Directiva 1999/30/CE en relacióncon las partículas en suspensión.Métodos: Se ha valorado el impacto en salud de la contaminación atmosférica por partículas en suspensión, para lo que se han utilizadodos indicadores distintos: Humos Negros (HN) (Barcelona,Bilbao, Valencia) y partículas en suspensión menores de 10 mm(PM10) (Bilbao, Madrid y Sevilla). Los indicadores de salud fueronla mortalidad por todas las causas, por causa respiratoria y por causacardiovascular, e ingresos hospitalarios urgentes por causa respiratoriay cardiovascular. El EIS se ha realizado mediante el cálculo de lafracción atribuible a la contaminación por partículas. En el caso dePM10 se ha calculado el impacto debido a efectos de la contaminación a corto plazo, los acumulados hasta 40 días después, y a largoplazo. Para HN únicamente se han calculado efectos a corto plazo.Resultados: Los niveles diarios de PM10 por encima de 50µg/m3 en Bilbao, Madrid y Sevilla son responsables de 1,4 muertesprematuras por 100.000 habitantes y año debido a sus efectos a cortoplazo y de 2,8 muertes/100.000 en un periodo de hasta 40 días trasla exposición. A largo plazo, el número de muertes prematuras atribuiblesa la contaminación media anual de PM10 por encima de 20µg/m3 es 68/100.000.Conclusiones: El impacto en salud de los niveles actuales decontaminación atmosférica es cuantificable y no despreciable.APHEIS y las evaluaciones de impacto pueden ayudar a la planificación sanitaria y a las políticas medioambientales


Background: The health effects of air pollution have beenanalyzed in numerous studies over recent years, thus having madeit possible to quantify the relationship between the two. This studyis aimed at analyzing the theoretical benefits which would be achievedby meeting the air quality objectives set forth under EC Directive1999/30/EC with regard to suspended particles.Methods: The exposure measurement was taken for Black Smoke(Barcelona, Bilbao, Valencia) and suspended particles under 10mm (PM10) (Bilbao, Madrid y Sevilla). The health indicators calculatedwere the mortality due to all causes and respiratory and cardiovascularcauses, and emergency hospital admissions and mortalitydue to respiratory and cardiovascular causes. In the case of PM10 theimpact has been calculated because its effects to short-term, within aperiod of up to 40 days following exposure, and to long-term. ForBlack Smoke the effects only has been calculated to short-term.Results: The daily levels of PM10 from exceeding 50 µg/m3 inBilbao, Madrid and Sevilla cause the earlier death of 1.4/100,000individuals per year because its effects. The effect within a period ofup to 40 days following exposure is of 2.8 deaths/100,000. The totalnumber of deaths per year which may be later due to long-term exposureif the yearly average is lowered to 20 µg/m3 is 68/100,000.Conclusions: The health impact of the current air pollutionlevels is quantifiable and is not insignificant. APHEIS and theimpact evaluations may be of aid in healthcare planning and environmentalpolicies


Assuntos
Humanos , Cidades , Poluição do Ar/análise , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Exposição Ambiental , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Saúde Pública , Espanha
6.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 15(3): 191-202, sept. 2003. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-31161

RESUMO

Objetivo: comprobar la efectividad de la intervención breve para reducir el consumo de alcohol en accidentados de tráfico con alcoholemia positiva, sin dependencia del alcohol. Metodología: cribado de los lesionados de tráfico que acuden a urgencias de traumatología mediante un test de alcohol en saliva e intervención sobre los pacientes positivos. Los pacientes son evaluados y aleatoriamente distribuidos en grupos de Intervención Breve e Intervención Mínima. El seguimiento telefónico se hace al mes 3, 6 y 12.Resultados: Hasta el 30 de Octubre de 2002, se incluyeron en el estudio 709 lesionados, habiéndose realizado la prueba del alcohol en 696. 93 pacientes dieron positivo (13,4 por ciento) y pudo intervenirse en 66 de ellos. El 50 por ciento puntuaba positivo en el test AUDIT (puntuación media: 7,6). Los pacientes fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente entre intervención breve (30) e intervención mínima (36). El 77 por ciento de pacientes tiene seguimiento. El 79,4 por ciento de los pacientes intervenidos ha reducido el consumo de alcohol, a los 3 meses y el 66,7 por ciento por ciento, al año. Sobre todo disminuye el binge drinking (consumo copioso concentrado), el más peligroso para la conducción. A los 3 meses, ha reducido su consumo un porcentaje superior (en el límite de la significación estadística) de pacientes en el grupo de Intervención Breve. AI año, no se observan diferencias entre ambos grupos de intervención. La magnitud de la reducción es significativamente mayor en quienes tenían un resultado basal positivo en el test AUDIT. Conclusiones: Aunque las muestras son homogéneas, es prematuro dar resultados de efectividad tanto por el tamaño aún reducido de los grupos estudiados, como porque todavía se incluyen pacientes y se están siguiendo los ya incluidos (AU)


Objective: to test the effectiveness of a brief intervention in reducing alcohol consumption in traffic casualties with positive blood alcohol concentration, and without alcohol dependency. Methods: screening traffic casualties attending an emergency/trauma department, using an alcohol-saliva test, with intervention for positive patients. After assessment, patients are randomly allocated into either a brief or minimal intervention group. Phone follow-up takes place at month 3, 6,and 12. Results: 709 traffic casualties had been included in the study by the end of October 2002. 696 patients had the alcohol test, which was positive in 93 cases (13.4%). Intervention was possible with 66. Half of them had a positive AUDIT, with a mean score of 7.6. Patients were randomly allocated to brief intervention (30) and minimal intervention (36) groups. Followup has been made on 77%. 79.4% of patients who received an intervention had reduced alcohol consumption at month 3, and 66.7% still had a reduced consumption at month 12. Among consumption measures, binge drinking – the most dangerous for drivingshows the most important drop. At month 3, the percentage of patients who had reduced their intake was higher (at the limit of statistical significance) in the Brief Intervention group. At month 12, there are no apparent differences between the two intervention groups. The reduction in consumption is significantly greater among those who scored positive in the AUDIT at baseline. Conclusion: Although the samples are homogeneous, it’s too early to give effectiveness results, both because of the still small number of patients, and because we are still recruiting them and following-up those already enrolled (AU)


Assuntos
Inquéritos e Questionários/classificação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/psicologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Prevenção de Acidentes , Consequências de Acidentes , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/psicologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Testes Respiratórios/instrumentação , Testes Respiratórios/métodos
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